>Nucleus hydro elemon: the estimations vary a lot

2025-01-24T13:47:58Z

the estimations vary a lot

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{{Infobox element
|engvar ={{{engvar|}}}
|name =beryllium
|symbol =Be
|Z =4
|number =4
|abundance=
|abundance in earth's crust=
|abundance in oceans=
|abundance in solar system=
|left=[[lithium]]
|right=[[boron]]
|above=–
|below=[[magnesium|Mg]]
|appearance=white-gray metallic
|image name=Be-140g.jpg
|image upright=0.65
|electrons per shell=2, 2
|phase=
|phase comment=
|density=1.845 g/cm3<ref name="Arblaster 2018" />
|density conditions=(at 20 °C)
|density gplstp=
|density gpcm3nrt=
|density gpcm3mp=1.690
|melting point K=1560
|melting point C=1287
|melting point F=2349
|boiling point K=2742
|boiling point C=2469
|boiling point F=4476
|triple point K=
|triple point kPa=
|critical point K=5400
|critical point MPa=46
|critical point comment=''(estimated)''<ref>{{cite journal | last=Apfelbaum | first=E. M. | title=Estimate of Beryllium Critical Point on the Basis of Correspondence between the Critical and the Zeno-Line Parameters | journal=The Journal of Physical Chemistry B | volume=116 | issue=50 | date=2012-12-20 | issn=1520-6106 | doi=10.1021/jp309757a | pages=14660–14666}}</ref>
|heat fusion=12.2
|heat vaporization=292
|heat capacity=16.443
|vapor pressure 1=1462
|vapor pressure 10=1608
|vapor pressure 100=1791
|vapor pressure 1 k=2023
|vapor pressure 10 k=2327
|vapor pressure 100 k=2742
|vapor pressure comment=
|crystal structure=hexagonal close packed
|crystal structure Pearson symbol=hP2
|lattice constants=''a'' = 228.60 pm ''c'' = 358.42 pm (at 20 °C)<ref name="Arblaster 2018">{{cite book |last=Arblaster |first= John W. |title=Selected Values of the Crystallographic Properties of Elements |publisher=ASM International |publication-place=Materials Park, Ohio |date=2018 |isbn=978-1-62708-155-9}}</ref>
|electronegativity=1.57
|number of ionization energies=4
|ionization energy 1=899.5
|ionization energy 2=1757.1
|ionization energy 3=14,848.7
|atomic radius=112
|atomic radius calculated=
|covalent radius=96±3
|Van der Waals radius=153
|magnetic ordering=[[diamagnetism|diamagnetic]]
|electrical resistivity unit prefix=n
|electrical resistivity at 0=
|electrical resistivity at 20=36
|thermal conductivity=200
|thermal conductivity 2=
|thermal diffusivity=
|thermal expansion=
|thermal expansion comment={{val|10.98|e=−6}}/K (at 20 °C)<ref name="Arblaster 2018" />{{efn|text=The thermal expansion is [[Anisotropy|anisotropic]]: the parameters (at 20 °C) for each crystal axis are α''a'' = {{val|12.03|e=−6}}/K, α''c'' = {{val|8.88|e=−6}}/K, and αaverage = αV/3 = {{val|10.98|e=−6}}/K.}}
|thermal expansion at 25=
|speed of sound=
|speed of sound rod at r.t.=12,890
|speed of sound rod at r.t. ref=<ref>{{RubberBible92nd|page=14.48}}</ref>
|magnetic susceptibility= {{val|−9.0|e=−6}}
|magnetic susceptibility ref= <ref>{{Cite book|title=CRC, Handbook of Chemistry and Physics|last=Weast|first=Robert|publisher=Chemical Rubber Company Publishing|year=1984|isbn=0-8493-0464-4|location=Boca Raton, Florida|pages=E110}}</ref>
|Young's modulus=287
|Shear modulus=132
|Bulk modulus=130
|Poisson ratio=0.032
|Mohs hardness= 6.0
|Vickers hardness=1670
|Brinell hardness=590–1320
|CAS number=7440-41-7
|predicted by=
|prediction date=
|discovered by=[[Louis Nicolas Vauquelin]]
|discovery date=1798
|first isolation by=[[Friedrich Wöhler]] & [[Antoine Bussy]]
|first isolation date=1828
|history comment label=
|history comment=
|QID=Q569
}}<noinclude>
{{Infobox element/element navigation|symbol=Be}}
==Notes==
{{Notelist}}
{{Template reference list}}
One of these is a [[WP:REFNAME|named reference]]. It may be cited in the containing article as
*<nowiki><ref name="CIAAW2013" /></nowiki> for the source ''Atomic weights of the elements 2013'' (from subtemplates used by {{tl|Infobox element}})
{{documentation|1=Template:Infobox element/doc}}
[[Category:Templates that generate named references]]
</noinclude>

Template:Infobox beryllium - Revision history

>Nucleus hydro elemon: the estimations vary a lot