>Burzuchius at 12:22, 13 February 2025

2025-02-13T12:22:00Z

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{{Infobox element
|engvar ={{{engvar|}}}
|symbol =Ce
|Z =58
|number =58
|name =cerium
|abundance=
|abundance in earth's crust=
|abundance in oceans=
|abundance in solar system=
|left=[[lanthanum]]
|right=[[praseodymium]]
|above=–
|below=[[thorium|Th]]
|image name=Cerium2.jpg
|appearance=silvery white
|electrons per shell=2, 8, 18, 19, 9, 2
|phase=
|density=β-Ce: 6.689 g/cm3 γ-Ce: 6.769 g/cm3 <ref name="Arblaster 2018" />
|density conditions=(at 20° C)
|density gpcm3nrt=
|density gpcm3mp=6.55
|melting point K=1068
|melting point C=795
|melting point F=1463
|boiling point K=3716
|boiling point C=3443
|boiling point F=6229
|heat fusion=5.46
|heat vaporization=398
|heat capacity=26.94
|vapor pressure 1=1992
|vapor pressure 10=2194
|vapor pressure 100=2442
|vapor pressure 1 k=2754
|vapor pressure 10 k=3159
|vapor pressure 100 k=3705
|vapor pressure comment=
|crystal structure prefix=β-Ce:
|crystal structure=double hexagonal close packed
|crystal structure Pearson symbol=hP4
|lattice constants=''a'' = 0.36811 nm ''c'' = 1.1857 nm (at 20 °C)<ref name="Arblaster 2018">{{cite book |last=Arblaster |first= John W. |title=Selected Values of the Crystallographic Properties of Elements |publisher=ASM International |publication-place=Materials Park, Ohio |date=2018 |isbn=978-1-62708-155-9}}</ref>
|crystal structure 2 prefix=γ-Ce:
|crystal structure 2=face-centered cubic
|crystal structure 2 Pearson symbol=cF4
|lattice constant 2=''a'' = 0.51612 nm (at 20 °C)<ref name="Arblaster 2018" />
|electronegativity=1.12
|number of ionization energies=4
|ionization energy 1=534.4
|ionization energy 2=1050
|ionization energy 3=1949
|atomic radius=181.8
|covalent radius=204±9
|magnetic ordering=[[paramagnetic]]
|magnetic ordering ref=<ref name=magnet>{{cite book |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110303222309/http://www-d0.fnal.gov/hardware/cal/lvps_info/engineering/elementmagn.pdf|chapter=Magnetic susceptibility of the elements and inorganic compounds| editor = Lide, D. R. | title = CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics | edition = 86th | location = Boca Raton (FL) | publisher = CRC Press | year = 2005 | isbn = 0-8493-0486-5 }}
</ref>
|electrical resistivity unit prefix=n
|electrical resistivity=β-Ce, poly: 828
|electrical resistivity comment=(at [[Room temperature|r.t.]])
|thermal conductivity=11.3
|thermal expansion=
|thermal expansion comment=β-Ce: {{val|6.1|e=−6}}/K γ-Ce: {{val|6.1|e=−6}}/K (at 20 °C)<ref name="Arblaster 2018" />
|speed of sound rod at 20=2100
|magnetic susceptibility=β-Ce: {{val|+2450.0|e=−6}}
|magnetic susceptibility ref= (293 K)<ref>{{Cite book|title=CRC, Handbook of Chemistry and Physics|last=Weast|first=Robert|publisher=Chemical Rubber Company Publishing|year=1984|isbn=0-8493-0464-4|location=Boca Raton, Florida|pages=E110}}</ref>
|Young's modulus=γ-Ce: 33.6
|Shear modulus=γ-Ce: 13.5
|Bulk modulus=γ-Ce: 21.5
|Poisson ratio=γ-Ce: 0.24
|Mohs hardness=2.5
|Vickers hardness=210–470
|Brinell hardness=186–412
|CAS number=7440-45-1
|naming=after dwarf planet [[Ceres (dwarf planet)|Ceres]], itself named after Roman deity of agriculture [[Ceres (mythology)|Ceres]]
|discovered by=[[Martin Heinrich Klaproth]], [[Jöns Jakob Berzelius]], [[Wilhelm Hisinger]]
|discovery date=1803
|first isolation by=[[William Francis Hillebrand]]
|first isolation date=1875
|QID=Q1385
}}<noinclude>
{{Infobox element/element navigation|symbol=Ce}}
{{Template reference list}}
{{documentation|1=Template:Infobox element/doc}}
</noinclude>

Template:Infobox cerium - Revision history

>Burzuchius at 12:22, 13 February 2025