>Burzuchius at 14:49, 19 February 2025

2025-02-19T14:49:26Z

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{{Infobox element
|symbol =Gd
|Z =64
|number =64
|name =gadolinium
|abundance=
|abundance in earth's crust=
|abundance in oceans=
|abundance in solar system=
|left=[[europium]]
|right=[[terbium]]
|above=–
|below=[[curium|Cm]]
|image name=Gadolinium-4.jpg
|appearance=silvery white
|electrons per shell=2, 8, 18, 25, 9, 2
|phase=
|density=7.899 g/cm3 <ref name="Arblaster 2018" />
|density conditions=(at 20° C)
|density gpcm3mp=7.4
|melting point K=1585
|melting point C=1312
|melting point F=2394
|boiling point K=3546
|boiling point C=3273
|boiling point F=5923
|heat fusion=10.05
|heat vaporization=301.3
|heat capacity=37.03
|vapor pressure 1=1836
|vapor pressure 10=2028
|vapor pressure 100=2267
|vapor pressure 1 k=2573
|vapor pressure 10 k=2976
|vapor pressure 100 k=3535
|vapor pressure comment=''(calculated)''
|crystal structure=hexagonal close packed
|crystal structure Pearson symbol=hP2
|lattice constants=''a'' = 363.37 pm ''c'' = 578.21 pm (at 20 °C)<ref name="Arblaster 2018">{{cite book |last=Arblaster |first= John W. |title=Selected Values of the Crystallographic Properties of Elements |publisher=ASM International |publication-place=Materials Park, Ohio |date=2018 |isbn=978-1-62708-155-9}}</ref>
|electronegativity=1.20
|number of ionization energies=3
|ionization energy 1=593.4
|ionization energy 2=1170
|ionization energy 3=1990
|atomic radius=180
|covalent radius=196±6
|magnetic ordering=[[ferromagnetism|ferromagnetic]]–[[paramagnetic]] transition at 293.4 K
|electrical resistivity unit prefix=µ
|electrical resistivity=α, poly: 1.310
|electrical resistivity comment=
|thermal conductivity=10.6
|thermal expansion=
|thermal expansion comment={{val|−21.4|e=−6}}/K (at 20 °C) {{val|11.1|e=−6}}/K (at 100 °C)<ref name="Arblaster 2018" />{{efn|text=The thermal expansion of a Gd crystal is highly [[Anisotropy|anisotropic]] and temperature-dependent: the parameters for each crystal axis at 20 °C are: α''a'' = {{val|9.37|e=−6}}/K, α''c'' = {{val|−83.0|e=−6}}/K, and αaverage = αV/3 = {{val|−21.4|e=−6}}/K. At at 100 °C: α''a'' = {{val|6.6|e=−6}}/K, α''c'' = {{val|20.1|e=−6}}/K, and αaverage = {{val|11.1|e=−6}}/K.}}
|speed of sound rod at 20=2680
|magnetic susceptibility= {{val|+755,000.0|e=−6}}
|magnetic susceptibility ref= (300.6 K)<ref>{{Cite book|title=CRC, Handbook of Chemistry and Physics|last=Weast|first=Robert|publisher=Chemical Rubber Company Publishing|year=1984|isbn=0-8493-0464-4|location=Boca Raton, Florida|pages=E110}}</ref>
|Young's modulus=α form: 54.8
|Shear modulus=α form: 21.8
|Bulk modulus=α form: 37.9
|Poisson ratio=α form: 0.259
|Vickers hardness= 510–950
|CAS number=7440-54-2
|naming=after the mineral [[gadolinite]] (itself named after [[Johan Gadolin]])
|discovered by=[[Jean Charles Galissard de Marignac]]
|discovery date=1880
|first isolation by=[[Félix Trombe]]
|first isolation date=1935
|QID=Q1832
}}<noinclude>
{{Infobox element/element navigation|symbol=Gd}}
==Notes==
{{Notelist}}
{{Template reference list}}
{{documentation|1=Template:Infobox element/doc}}
</noinclude>

Template:Infobox gadolinium - Revision history

>Burzuchius at 14:49, 19 February 2025