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Template:Infobox hafnium - Revision history
2026-04-04T15:44:35Z
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>MadeOfAtoms: Update density; fix lattice const typo
2024-04-11T02:22:10Z
<p>Update density; fix lattice const typo</p>
<p><b>New page</b></p><div>{{Infobox element<br />
|symbol =Hf<br />
|Z =72<br />
|number =72<br />
|name =hafnium<br />
|abundance=<br />
|abundance in earth's crust=<br />
|abundance in oceans=<br />
|abundance in solar system=<br />
|left=[[lutetium]]<br />
|right=[[tantalum]]<br />
|above=[[zirconium|Zr]]<br />
|below=[[rutherfordium|Rf]]<br />
|image name=Hf-crystal bar.jpg<br />
|appearance=steel gray<br />
|electrons per shell=2, 8, 18, 32, 10, 2<br />
|phase=<br />
|density=13.281&nbsp;g/cm<sup>3</sup>&thinsp;<ref name="Arblaster 2018" /><br />
|density conditions=(at&nbsp;20°&nbsp;C)<br />
|density gpcm3mp=12<br />
|melting point K=2506<br />
|melting point C=2233<br />
|melting point F=4051<br />
|boiling point K=4876<br />
|boiling point C=4603<br />
|boiling point F=8317<br />
|heat fusion=27.2<br />
|heat vaporization=648<br />
|heat capacity=25.73<br />
|vapor pressure 1=2689<br />
|vapor pressure 10=2954<br />
|vapor pressure 100=3277<br />
|vapor pressure 1 k=3679<br />
|vapor pressure 10 k=4194<br />
|vapor pressure 100 k=4876<br />
|vapor pressure comment=<br />
|crystal structure=hexagonal close packed<br />
|crystal structure Pearson symbol=hP2<br />
|lattice constants=''a''&nbsp;=&nbsp;319.42&nbsp;pm<br />''c''&nbsp;=&nbsp;505.12&nbsp;pm (at&nbsp;20&nbsp;°C)<ref name="Arblaster 2018">{{cite book |last=Arblaster |first= John W. |title=Selected Values of the Crystallographic Properties of Elements |publisher=ASM International |publication-place=Materials Park, Ohio |date=2018 |isbn=978-1-62708-155-9}}</ref><br />
|electronegativity=1.3<br />
|number of ionization energies=3<br />
|ionization energy 1=658.5<br />
|ionization energy 2=1440<br />
|ionization energy 3=2250<br />
|atomic radius=159<br />
|covalent radius=175±10<br />
|magnetic ordering=[[paramagnetic]]<br />
|magnetic ordering ref=<ref name=magnet>{{cite book |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110303222309/http://www-d0.fnal.gov/hardware/cal/lvps_info/engineering/elementmagn.pdf|chapter=Magnetic susceptibility of the elements and inorganic compounds| editor = Lide, D. R. | title = CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics | edition = 86th | location = Boca Raton (FL) | publisher = CRC Press | year = 2005 | isbn = 0-8493-0486-5 }}<br />
</ref><br />
|electrical resistivity unit prefix=n<br />
|electrical resistivity at 20=331<br />
|thermal conductivity=23.0<br />
|thermal expansion at 25=5.9<br />
|speed of sound rod at 20=3010<br />
|magnetic susceptibility= {{val|+75.0|e=−6}}<br />
|magnetic susceptibility ref= &#x20;(at&nbsp;298&nbsp;K)<ref>{{Cite book|title=CRC, Handbook of Chemistry and Physics|last=Weast|first=Robert|publisher=Chemical Rubber Company Publishing|year=1984|isbn=0-8493-0464-4|location=Boca Raton, Florida|pages=E110}}</ref><br />
|Young's modulus=78<br />
|Shear modulus=30<br />
|Bulk modulus=110<br />
|Poisson ratio=0.37<br />
|Mohs hardness=5.5<br />
|Vickers hardness=1520–2060<br />
|Brinell hardness=1450–2100<br />
|CAS number=7440-58-6<br />
|naming=after {{lang|la|[[Hafnia (Latin)|Hafnia]]}}. Latin for: [[Copenhagen]], where it was discovered<br />
|predicted by=[[Dmitri Mendeleev]]<br />
|prediction date=1869<br />
|discovery and first isolation by=[[Dirk Coster]] and [[George de Hevesy]]<br />
|discovery date=1922<br />
|QID=Q1119<br />
}}<!--<br />
<br />
--><noinclude><br />
{{Infobox element/element navigation|symbol=Hf}}<br />
{{Template reference list}}<br />
{{documentation|1=Template:Infobox element/doc}}<br />
</noinclude></div>
>MadeOfAtoms