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Template:Infobox lead - Revision history
2026-04-04T18:44:12Z
Revision history for this page on the wiki
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>HertzDonuts at 03:36, 29 September 2024
2024-09-29T03:36:05Z
<p></p>
<p><b>New page</b></p><div>{{infobox element<br />
|symbol =Pb<br />
|Z =82<br />
|number =82<br />
|name =lead<br />
|abundance=<br />
|abundance in earth's crust=<br />
|abundance in oceans=<br />
|abundance in solar system=<br />
|left=[[thallium]]<br />
|right=[[bismuth]]<br />
|above=[[tin|Sn]]<br />
|below=[[flerovium|Fl]]<br />
|image name=Lead electrolytic and 1cm3 cube.jpg<br />
|appearance=metallic gray<br />
|electrons per shell=2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 4<br />
|phase=<br />
|density=11.348&nbsp;g/cm<sup>3</sup>&thinsp;<ref name="Arblaster 2018" /><br />
|density conditions=(at&nbsp;20&nbsp;°C)<br />
|density gpcm3mp=10.66<br />
|melting point K=600.61<br />
|melting point C=327.46<br />
|melting point F=621.43<br />
|boiling point K=2022<br />
|boiling point C=1749<br />
|boiling point F=3180<br />
|heat fusion=4.77<br />
|heat vaporization=179.5<br />
|heat capacity=26.650<br />
|vapor pressure 1=978<br />
|vapor pressure 10=1088<br />
|vapor pressure 100=1229<br />
|vapor pressure 1 k=1412<br />
|vapor pressure 10 k=1660<br />
|vapor pressure 100 k=2027<br />
|vapor pressure comment=<br />
|crystal structure=face-centered cubic<br />
|crystal structure Pearson symbol=cF4<br />
|lattice constant=''a''&nbsp;=&nbsp;494.99&nbsp;pm (at&nbsp;20&nbsp;°C)<ref name="Arblaster 2018">{{cite book |last=Arblaster |first= John W. |title=Selected Values of the Crystallographic Properties of Elements |publisher=ASM International |publication-place=Materials Park, Ohio |date=2018 |isbn=978-1-62708-155-9}}</ref><br />
|electronegativity=2.33 (in +4), 1.87 (in +2)<br />
|number of ionization energies=3<br />
|ionization energy 1=715.6<br />
|ionization energy 2=1450.5<br />
|ionization energy 3=3081.5<br />
|atomic radius=175<br />
|covalent radius=146±5<br />
|Van der Waals radius=202<br />
|magnetic ordering=[[diamagnetism|diamagnetic]]<br />
|electrical resistivity unit prefix=n<br />
|electrical resistivity at 20=208<br />
|thermal conductivity=35.3<br />
|thermal expansion=<!-- see thermal expansion comment --><br />
|thermal expansion comment={{val|28.73|e=−6}}/K (at&nbsp;20&nbsp;°C)<ref name="Arblaster 2018" /><br />
|speed of sound rod at r.t.=1190<br />
|speed of sound rod at r.t. comment=(annealed)<br />
|magnetic susceptibility= {{val|−23.0|e=−6}}<br />
|magnetic susceptibility ref= &#x20;(at 298&nbsp;K){{sfn|Weast|Astle|Beyer|1983|p=E110}}<br />
|Young's modulus=16<br />
|Shear modulus=5.6<br />
|Bulk modulus=46<br />
|Poisson ratio=0.44<br />
|Mohs hardness=1.5<br />
|Brinell hardness=38–50<br />
|Brinell hardness comment=<br />
|CAS number=7439-92-1<br />
|discovered by=[[Middle East]]<br />
|discovery date=[[7000 BCE]]<br />
|QID=Q708<br />
}}<!--<br />
<br />
--><noinclude><br />
{{Infobox element/element navigation|symbol=Pb}}<br />
{{Template reference list}}<br />
{{documentation|1=Template:Infobox element/doc}}<br />
</noinclude></div>
>HertzDonuts