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	<id>https://the-democratika.com/wiki/index.php?action=history&amp;feed=atom&amp;title=Template%3AInfobox_niobium</id>
	<title>Template:Infobox niobium - Revision history</title>
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	<updated>2026-04-04T23:03:10Z</updated>
	<subtitle>Revision history for this page on the wiki</subtitle>
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	<entry>
		<id>https://the-democratika.com/wiki/index.php?title=Template:Infobox_niobium&amp;diff=4256&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>&gt;MadeOfAtoms: Update density and thermal expansion</title>
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		<updated>2024-03-07T04:31:05Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Update density and thermal expansion&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;New page&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div&gt;{{infobox element&lt;br /&gt;
|symbol =Nb&lt;br /&gt;
|Z      =41&lt;br /&gt;
|number =41&lt;br /&gt;
|name   =niobium&lt;br /&gt;
|alt name=&lt;br /&gt;
|abundance=&lt;br /&gt;
|abundance in earth&amp;#039;s crust=&lt;br /&gt;
|abundance in oceans=&lt;br /&gt;
|abundance in solar system=&lt;br /&gt;
|left=[[zirconium]]&lt;br /&gt;
|right=[[molybdenum]]&lt;br /&gt;
|above=[[vanadium|V]]&lt;br /&gt;
|below=[[tantalum|Ta]]&lt;br /&gt;
|image name=Niobium_crystals_and_1cm3_cube.jpg&lt;br /&gt;
|appearance=Gray metallic, bluish when oxidized&lt;br /&gt;
|electrons per shell=2, 8, 18, 12, 1&lt;br /&gt;
|phase=&lt;br /&gt;
|density=8.582&amp;amp;nbsp;g/cm&amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;3&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;Arblaster 2018&amp;quot; /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|density conditions=(at&amp;amp;nbsp;20°&amp;amp;nbsp;C)&lt;br /&gt;
|density gpcm3nrt=&lt;br /&gt;
|melting point K=2750&lt;br /&gt;
|melting point C=2477&lt;br /&gt;
|melting point F=4491&lt;br /&gt;
|boiling point K=5017&lt;br /&gt;
|boiling point C=4744&lt;br /&gt;
|boiling point F=8571&lt;br /&gt;
|heat fusion=30&lt;br /&gt;
|heat vaporization=689.9&lt;br /&gt;
|heat capacity=24.60&lt;br /&gt;
|vapor pressure 1=2942&lt;br /&gt;
|vapor pressure 10=3207&lt;br /&gt;
|vapor pressure 100=3524&lt;br /&gt;
|vapor pressure 1 k=3910&lt;br /&gt;
|vapor pressure 10 k=4393&lt;br /&gt;
|vapor pressure 100 k=5013&lt;br /&gt;
|vapor pressure comment=&lt;br /&gt;
|crystal structure=cubic body-centered&lt;br /&gt;
|crystal structure Pearson symbol=cI2&lt;br /&gt;
|lattice constant=&amp;#039;&amp;#039;a&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;amp;nbsp;=&amp;amp;nbsp;330.05&amp;amp;nbsp;pm (at&amp;amp;nbsp;20&amp;amp;nbsp;°C)&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;Arblaster 2018&amp;quot;&amp;gt;{{cite book |last=Arblaster |first= John W. |title=Selected Values of the Crystallographic Properties of Elements |publisher=ASM International |publication-place=Materials Park, Ohio |date=2018 |isbn=978-1-62708-155-9}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|electronegativity=1.6&lt;br /&gt;
|number of ionization energies=3&lt;br /&gt;
|ionization energy 1=652.1&lt;br /&gt;
|ionization energy 2=1380&lt;br /&gt;
|ionization energy 3=2416&lt;br /&gt;
|atomic radius=146&lt;br /&gt;
|covalent radius=164±6&lt;br /&gt;
|magnetic ordering=paramagnetic&lt;br /&gt;
|electrical resistivity unit prefix=n&lt;br /&gt;
|electrical resistivity at 0=152&lt;br /&gt;
|thermal conductivity=53.7&lt;br /&gt;
|thermal expansion=&amp;lt;!-- see thermal expansion comment --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|thermal expansion comment={{val|7.07|e=−6}}/K (at&amp;amp;nbsp;20&amp;amp;nbsp;°C)&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;Arblaster 2018&amp;quot; /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|speed of sound rod at 20=3480&lt;br /&gt;
|magnetic susceptibility=&lt;br /&gt;
|magnetic susceptibility ref=&lt;br /&gt;
|Young&amp;#039;s modulus=105&lt;br /&gt;
|Shear modulus=38&lt;br /&gt;
|Bulk modulus=170&lt;br /&gt;
|Poisson ratio=0.40&lt;br /&gt;
|Mohs hardness=6.0&lt;br /&gt;
|Vickers hardness=870–1320&lt;br /&gt;
|Brinell hardness=735–2450&lt;br /&gt;
|CAS number=7440-03-1&lt;br /&gt;
|naming=after [[Niobe]] in Greek mythology, daughter of [[Tantalus]] ([[tantalum]])&lt;br /&gt;
|discovered by=[[Charles Hatchett]]&lt;br /&gt;
|discovery date=1801&lt;br /&gt;
|first isolation by=[[Christian Wilhelm Blomstrand]]&lt;br /&gt;
|first isolation date=1864&lt;br /&gt;
|history comment label=Recognized as a distinct [[chemical element|element]] by&lt;br /&gt;
|history comment=[[Heinrich Rose]] (1844)&lt;br /&gt;
|QID=Q1046&lt;br /&gt;
}}&amp;lt;!--&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
--&amp;gt;&amp;lt;noinclude&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
{{Infobox element/element navigation|symbol=Nb}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{Template reference list}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{documentation|1=Template:Infobox element/doc}}&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/noinclude&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>&gt;MadeOfAtoms</name></author>
	</entry>
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