https://the-democratika.com/wiki/index.php?action=history&feed=atom&title=Template%3AInfobox_thorium
Template:Infobox thorium - Revision history
2026-04-04T16:09:20Z
Revision history for this page on the wiki
MediaWiki 1.43.0
https://the-democratika.com/wiki/index.php?title=Template:Infobox_thorium&diff=4216&oldid=prev
>Nucleus hydro elemon at 06:53, 22 June 2024
2024-06-22T06:53:38Z
<p></p>
<p><b>New page</b></p><div>{{Infobox element<br />
|engvar ={{{engvar|}}}<br />
|symbol =Th<br />
|Z =90<br />
|number =90<br />
|name =thorium<br />
|abundance=<br />
|abundance in earth's crust=<br />
|abundance in oceans=<br />
|abundance in solar system=<br />
|left=[[actinium]]<br />
|right=[[protactinium]]<br />
|above=[[cerium|Ce]]<br />
|below=—<br />
|appearance=silvery<br />
|image name=Thorium sample 0.1g.jpg<br />
|electrons per shell=2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 10, 2<br />
|phase=<br />
|density=11.725&nbsp;g/cm<sup>3</sup>&thinsp;<ref name="Arblaster 2018" /><br />
|density conditions=(at&nbsp;20°&nbsp;C)<br />
|melting point K=2023<br />
|melting point C=1750<br />
|melting point F=3182<br />
|boiling point K=5061<br />
|boiling point C=4788<br />
|boiling point F=8650<br />
|heat fusion=13.81<br />
|heat vaporization=514<br />
|heat capacity=26.230<br />
|vapor pressure 1=2633<br />
|vapor pressure 10=2907<br />
|vapor pressure 100=3248<br />
|vapor pressure 1 k=3683<br />
|vapor pressure 10 k=4259<br />
|vapor pressure 100 k=5055<br />
|vapor pressure comment=<br />
|crystal structure=facecentredcubic<br />
|crystal structure Pearson symbol=cF4<br />
|lattice constant=''a''&nbsp;=&nbsp;508.45&nbsp;pm (at&nbsp;20&nbsp;°C)<ref name="Arblaster 2018">{{cite book |last=Arblaster |first= John W. |title=Selected Values of the Crystallographic Properties of Elements |publisher=ASM International |publication-place=Materials Park, Ohio |date=2018 |isbn=978-1-62708-155-9}}</ref><br />
|electronegativity=1.3<br />
|number of ionization energies=3<br />
|ionization energy 1=587<br />
|ionization energy 2=1110<br />
|ionization energy 3=1930<br />
|atomic radius=179.8<br />
|covalent radius=206±6<br />
|magnetic ordering=[[paramagnetic]]<br />
|magnetic ordering ref=<ref name=magnet>{{cite book |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110303222309/http://www-d0.fnal.gov/hardware/cal/lvps_info/engineering/elementmagn.pdf|chapter=Magnetic susceptibility of the elements and inorganic compounds| editor-last = Lide |editor-first=D. R. | title = CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics | edition = 86th | publisher = CRC Press | year = 2005 | isbn = 978-0-8493-0486-6 | pages = 4-135 }}</ref><br />
|electrical resistivity unit prefix=n<br />
|electrical resistivity at 0=157<br />
|thermal conductivity=54.0<br />
|thermal expansion=<!-- see thermal expansion comment --><br />
|thermal expansion comment={{val|11.54|e=−6}}/K (at&nbsp;20&nbsp;°C)<ref name="Arblaster 2018" /><br />
|thermal expansion at 25=<br />
|speed of sound rod at 20=2490<br />
|magnetic susceptibility= {{val|132.0|e=−6}}<br />
|magnetic susceptibility ref=&#x20;(293&nbsp;K)<ref>{{Cite book|title=CRC, Handbook of Chemistry and Physics|last=Weast|first=R.|publisher=Chemical Rubber Company Publishing|year=1984|isbn=978-0-8493-0464-4|page=E110}}</ref><br />
|Young's modulus=79<br />
|Shear modulus=31<br />
|Bulk modulus=54<br />
|Poisson ratio=0.27<br />
|Mohs hardness=3.0<br />
|Vickers hardness=295–685<br />
|Brinell hardness=390–1500<br />
|CAS number=7440-29-1<br />
|naming=after [[Thor]], the Norse god of thunder<br />
|discovered by=[[Jöns Jakob Berzelius]]<br />
|discovery date=1829<br />
|QID=Q1115<br />
}}<!--<br />
<br />
--><noinclude><br />
{{Infobox element/element navigation|symbol=Th}}<br />
{{Template reference list}}<br />
{{documentation|1=Template:Infobox element/doc}}<br />
</noinclude></div>
>Nucleus hydro elemon