>Burzuchius at 15:57, 19 February 2025

2025-02-19T15:57:08Z

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{{Infobox element
|symbol =Tm
|Z =69
|number =69
|name =thulium
|abundance=
|abundance in earth's crust=
|abundance in oceans=
|abundance in solar system=
|left=[[erbium]]
|right=[[ytterbium]]
|above=–
|below=[[mendelevium|Md]]
|image name=Thulium_sublimed_dendritic_and_1cm3_cube.jpg
|appearance=silvery gray
|electrons per shell=2, 8, 18, 31, 8, 2
|phase=
|density=9.320 g/cm<sup>3</sup> <ref name="Arblaster 2018" />
|density conditions=(at 20° C)
|density gpcm3mp=8.56
|melting point K=1818
|melting point C=1545
|melting point F=2813
|boiling point K=2223
|boiling point C=1950
|boiling point F=3542
|heat fusion=16.84
|heat vaporization=191
|heat capacity=27.03
|vapor pressure 1=1117
|vapor pressure 10=1235
|vapor pressure 100=1381
|vapor pressure 1 k=1570
|vapor pressure 10 k=(1821)
|vapor pressure 100 k=(2217)
|vapor pressure comment=
|crystal structure=hexagonal close packed
|crystal structure Pearson symbol=hP2
|lattice constants=''a'' = 353.77 pm<br />''c'' = 555.39 pm (at 20 °C)<ref name="Arblaster 2018">{{cite book |last=Arblaster |first= John W. |title=Selected Values of the Crystallographic Properties of Elements |publisher=ASM International |publication-place=Materials Park, Ohio |date=2018 |isbn=978-1-62708-155-9}}</ref>
|electronegativity=1.25
|number of ionization energies=3
|ionization energy 1=596.7
|ionization energy 2=1160
|ionization energy 3=2285
|atomic radius=176
|covalent radius=190±10
|magnetic ordering=[[paramagnetic]]
|magnetic ordering comment=(at 300 K)
|electrical resistivity unit prefix=n
|electrical resistivity=poly: 676
|electrical resistivity comment=(at {{abbr|r.t.|room temperature}})
|thermal conductivity=16.9
|thermal expansion=poly: 13.3
|thermal expansion comment=(at {{abbr|r.t.|room temperature}})
|magnetic susceptibility= {{val|+25,500|e=−6}}
|magnetic susceptibility ref=  (291 K)<ref>{{Cite book|title=CRC, Handbook of Chemistry and Physics|last=Weast|first=Robert|publisher=Chemical Rubber Company Publishing|year=1984|isbn=0-8493-0464-4|location=Boca Raton, Florida|pages=E110}}</ref>
|Young's modulus=74.0
|Shear modulus=30.5
|Bulk modulus=44.5
|Poisson ratio=0.213
|Vickers hardness=470–650
|Brinell hardness=470–900
|CAS number=7440-30-4
|naming=after [[Thule]], a mythical region in Scandinavia
|discovered by=[[Per Teodor Cleve]]
|discovery date=1879
|first isolation by=[[Wilhelm Klemm]] and Heinrich Bommer
|first isolation date=1936
|QID=Q1853
}}<noinclude>
{{Infobox element/element navigation|symbol=Tm}}
{{Template reference list}}
{{documentation|1=Template:Infobox element/doc}}
</noinclude>

Template:Infobox thulium - Revision history

>Burzuchius at 15:57, 19 February 2025