>MadeOfAtoms: +ref for thermal expansion

2024-03-05T09:34:39Z

+ref for thermal expansion

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{{infobox element
|symbol =Y
|Z =39
|number =39
|name =yttrium
|abundance=
|abundance in earth's crust=
|abundance in oceans=
|abundance in solar system=
|left=[[strontium]]
|right=[[zirconium]]
|above=[[scandium|Sc]]
|below=[[lutetium|Lu]]
|image name=Yttrium_sublimed_dendritic_and_1cm3_cube.jpg
|appearance=silvery white
|electrons per shell=2, 8, 18, 9, 2
|phase=
|phase comment=
|density=4.469 g/cm3<ref name="Arblaster 2018" />
|density conditions=(at 20° C)
|density gpcm3nrt=
|density gpcm3mp=4.24
|melting point K=1799
|melting point C=1526
|melting point F=2779
|boiling point K=3203
|boiling point C=2930
|boiling point F=5306
|heat fusion=11.42
|heat vaporization=363
|heat capacity=26.53
|vapor pressure 1=1883
|vapor pressure 10=2075
|vapor pressure 100= (2320)
|vapor pressure 1 k= (2627)
|vapor pressure 10 k= (3036)
|vapor pressure 100 k= (3607)
|vapor pressure comment=
|crystal structure=hexagonal close packed
|crystal structure Pearson symbol=hP2
|lattice constants=''a'' = 364.83 pm ''c'' = 573.17 pm (at 20 °C)<ref name="Arblaster 2018">{{cite book |last=Arblaster |first= John W. |title=Selected Values of the Crystallographic Properties of Elements |publisher=ASM International |publication-place=Materials Park, Ohio |date=2018 |isbn=978-1-62708-155-9}}</ref>
|electronegativity=1.22
|number of ionization energies=3
|ionization energy 1=600
|ionization energy 2=1180
|ionization energy 3=1980
|atomic radius=180
|covalent radius=190±7
|magnetic ordering=[[paramagnetic]]
|magnetic ordering ref=<ref name=magnet>{{cite book |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110303222309/http://www-d0.fnal.gov/hardware/cal/lvps_info/engineering/elementmagn.pdf|chapter=Magnetic susceptibility of the elements and inorganic compounds| editor = Lide, D. R. | title = CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics | edition = 86th | location = Boca Raton (FL) | publisher = CRC Press | year = 2005 | isbn = 0-8493-0486-5 }}
</ref>
|electrical resistivity=α, poly: 596
|electrical resistivity unit prefix=n
|electrical resistivity comment=(at {{abbr|r.t.|room temperature}})
|thermal conductivity=17.2
|thermal expansion=
|thermal expansion comment={{val|11.21|e=−6}}/K (at 20 °C)<ref name="Arblaster 2018" />{{efn|text=The thermal expansion is [[Anisotropy|anisotropic]]: the parameters (at 20 °C) for each crystal axis are α''a'' = {{val|7.42|e=−6}}/K, α''c'' = {{val|18.80|e=−6}}/K, and αaverage = αV/3 = {{val|11.21|e=−6}}/K.<ref name="Arblaster 2018" />}}
|speed of sound rod at 20=3300
|magnetic susceptibility={{val|+2.15|e=−6}}
|magnetic susceptibility ref= (2928 K)<ref>{{Cite book|title=CRC, Handbook of Chemistry and Physics|last=Weast|first=Robert|publisher=Chemical Rubber Company Publishing|year=1984|isbn=0-8493-0464-4|location=Boca Raton, Florida|pages=E110}}</ref>
|Young's modulus=63.5
|Shear modulus=25.6
|Bulk modulus=41.2
|Poisson ratio=0.243
|Brinell hardness=200–589
|CAS number=7440-65-5
|naming=after [[Ytterby]] (Sweden) and its mineral [[ytterbite]] (gadolinite)
|discovered by=[[Johan Gadolin]]
|discovery date=1794
|first isolation by=[[Friedrich Wöhler]]
|first isolation date=1838
|QID=Q941
}}<noinclude>
{{Infobox element/element navigation|symbol=Y}}
{{notelist}}
{{Template reference list}}
{{documentation|1=Template:Infobox element/doc}}
</noinclude>

Template:Infobox yttrium - Revision history

>MadeOfAtoms: +ref for thermal expansion