Template:Infobox gold

Gold, ₇₉Au

File:Gold-crystals.jpg
Gold
Appearance	Metallic yellow
Standard atomic weight Ar°(Au)
	196.966570±0.000004 196.97±0.01 (abridged)
Gold in the periodic table
Hydrogen Helium Lithium Beryllium Boron Carbon Nitrogen Oxygen Fluorine Neon Sodium Magnesium Aluminium Silicon Phosphorus Sulfur Chlorine Argon Potassium Calcium Scandium Titanium Vanadium Chromium Manganese Iron Cobalt Nickel Copper Zinc Gallium Germanium Arsenic Selenium Bromine Krypton Rubidium Strontium Yttrium Zirconium Niobium Molybdenum Technetium Ruthenium Rhodium Palladium Silver Cadmium Indium Tin Antimony Tellurium Iodine Xenon Caesium Barium Lanthanum Cerium Praseodymium Neodymium Promethium Samarium Europium Gadolinium Terbium Dysprosium Holmium Erbium Thulium Ytterbium Lutetium Hafnium Tantalum Tungsten Rhenium Osmium Iridium Platinum Gold Mercury (element) Thallium Lead Bismuth Polonium Astatine Radon Francium Radium Actinium Thorium Protactinium Uranium Neptunium Plutonium Americium Curium Berkelium Californium Einsteinium Fermium Mendelevium Nobelium Lawrencium Rutherfordium Dubnium Seaborgium Bohrium Hassium Meitnerium Darmstadtium Roentgenium Copernicium Nihonium Flerovium Moscovium Livermorium Tennessine Oganesson Ag ↑ Au ↓ Rg platinum ← gold → mercury
Atomic number (Z)	79
Group	group 11
Period	period 6
Block	d-block
Electron configuration	[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s1
Electrons per shell	2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 1
Physical properties
Phase at STP	solid
Melting point	1337.33 K ​(1064.18 °C, ​1947.52 °F)
Boiling point	3243 K ​(2970 °C, ​5378 °F)
Density (at 20° C)	19.283 g/cm3
when liquid (at m.p.)	17.31 g/cm3
Heat of fusion	12.55 kJ/mol
Heat of vaporization	342 kJ/mol
Molar heat capacity	25.418 J/(mol·K)
Vapor pressure P (Pa) 1 10 100 1 k 10 k 100 k at T (K) 1646 1814 2021 2281 2620 3078
Atomic properties
Oxidation states	common: +3 −3,? −2,? −1, 0, +1, +2, +5
Electronegativity	Pauling scale: 2.54
Ionization energies	1st: 890.1 kJ/mol 2nd: 1980 kJ/mol
Atomic radius	empirical: 144 pm
Covalent radius	136±6 pm
Van der Waals radius	166 pm
Color lines in a spectral range Spectral lines of gold
Other properties
Natural occurrence	primordial
Crystal structure	​face-centered cubic (fcc) (cF4)
Lattice constant	Face centered cubic crystal structure for gold a = 407.86 pm (at 20 °C)
Thermal expansion	14.13×10−6/K (at 20 °C)
Thermal conductivity	318 W/(m⋅K)
Electrical resistivity	22.14 nΩ⋅m (at 20 °C)
Magnetic ordering	diamagnetic
Molar magnetic susceptibility	−28.0×10−6 cm3/mol (at 296 K)
Tensile strength	120 MPa
Young's modulus	79 GPa
Shear modulus	27 GPa
Bulk modulus	180 GPa
Speed of sound thin rod	2030 m/s (at r.t.)
Poisson ratio	0.4
Mohs hardness	2.5
Vickers hardness	188–216 MPa
Brinell hardness	188–245 MPa
CAS Number	7440-57-5
History
Naming	from Latin aurum 'gold'
Discovery	In the Middle East (before 6000 BCE)
Symbol	"Au": from Latin aurum
Isotopes of gold
Main isotopes Decay abun­dance half-life (t1/2) mode pro­duct 195Au synth 186.01 d ε 195Pt 196Au synth 6.165 d β+ 196Pt β− 196Hg 197Au 100% stable 198Au synth 2.69464 d β− 198Hg 199Au synth 3.139 d β− 199Hg

Au · Gold
Pt ← ibox Pt	iso 79 Au  [] IB-Au [] IBisos []	→ Hg ibox Hg
File:Symbol category class.svg cat:Au (0) File:Symbol category class.svg cat:Au-isotopes (0) File:Commons-logo.svg Commons File:Wikidata-logo.svg Wikidata:Q897 File:Wiktionary-logo.svg Wiktionary
indexes by PT (page)

child table, as reused in {IB-Au}
Main isotopes of gold
Main isotopes Decay abun­dance half-life (t1/2) mode pro­duct 195Au synth 186.01 d ε 195Pt 196Au synth 6.165 d β+ 196Pt β− 196Hg 197Au 100% stable 198Au synth 2.69464 d β− 198Hg 199Au synth 3.139 d β− 199Hg

Data sets read by {{Infobox element}}
Name and identifiers
Symbol etymology (11 non-trivial)
Top image (caption, alt)	caption: alt:
Pronunciation
Allotropes (overview)
Group (overview)
Period (overview)
Block (overview)
Natural occurrence
Phase at STP
Oxidation states
Spectral lines image
Electron configuration (cmt, ref)
Isotopes
Standard atomic weight
most stable isotope
File:Notification-icon-Wikidata-logo.svg Wikidata
Wikidata *
* Not used in {{Infobox element}} (2023-01-01) See also {{Index of data sets}} · Cat:data sets (0) · (this table: )

References

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